Optimal. Leaf size=390 \[ \frac {x \sqrt {d+e x^2}}{2 c}-\frac {\left (b c d-b^2 e+a c e-\frac {b^2 c d-2 a c^2 d-b^3 e+3 a b c e}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {2 c d-\left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right ) e} x}{\sqrt {b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}} \sqrt {d+e x^2}}\right )}{c^2 \sqrt {b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}} \sqrt {2 c d-\left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right ) e}}-\frac {\left (b c d-b^2 e+a c e+\frac {b^2 c d-2 a c^2 d-b^3 e+3 a b c e}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {2 c d-\left (b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right ) e} x}{\sqrt {b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}} \sqrt {d+e x^2}}\right )}{c^2 \sqrt {b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}} \sqrt {2 c d-\left (b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right ) e}}+\frac {(c d-2 b e) \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {e} x}{\sqrt {d+e x^2}}\right )}{2 c^2 \sqrt {e}} \]
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Rubi [A]
time = 2.18, antiderivative size = 390, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps
used = 10, number of rules used = 7, integrand size = 29, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.241, Rules used = {1305, 396,
223, 212, 1706, 385, 211} \begin {gather*} -\frac {\left (-\frac {3 a b c e-2 a c^2 d+b^3 (-e)+b^2 c d}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}+a c e+b^2 (-e)+b c d\right ) \text {ArcTan}\left (\frac {x \sqrt {2 c d-e \left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )}}{\sqrt {b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}} \sqrt {d+e x^2}}\right )}{c^2 \sqrt {b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}} \sqrt {2 c d-e \left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right )}}-\frac {\left (\frac {3 a b c e-2 a c^2 d+b^3 (-e)+b^2 c d}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}+a c e+b^2 (-e)+b c d\right ) \text {ArcTan}\left (\frac {x \sqrt {2 c d-e \left (\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+b\right )}}{\sqrt {\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+b} \sqrt {d+e x^2}}\right )}{c^2 \sqrt {\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+b} \sqrt {2 c d-e \left (\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+b\right )}}+\frac {(c d-2 b e) \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {e} x}{\sqrt {d+e x^2}}\right )}{2 c^2 \sqrt {e}}+\frac {x \sqrt {d+e x^2}}{2 c} \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Rule 211
Rule 212
Rule 223
Rule 385
Rule 396
Rule 1305
Rule 1706
Rubi steps
\begin {align*} \int \frac {x^4 \sqrt {d+e x^2}}{a+b x^2+c x^4} \, dx &=\frac {\int \frac {c d-b e+c e x^2}{\sqrt {d+e x^2}} \, dx}{c^2}-\frac {\int \frac {a (c d-b e)+\left (b c d-b^2 e+a c e\right ) x^2}{\sqrt {d+e x^2} \left (a+b x^2+c x^4\right )} \, dx}{c^2}\\ &=\frac {x \sqrt {d+e x^2}}{2 c}-\frac {\int \left (\frac {b c d-b^2 e+a c e+\frac {-b^2 c d+2 a c^2 d+b^3 e-3 a b c e}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}}{\left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+2 c x^2\right ) \sqrt {d+e x^2}}+\frac {b c d-b^2 e+a c e-\frac {-b^2 c d+2 a c^2 d+b^3 e-3 a b c e}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}}{\left (b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+2 c x^2\right ) \sqrt {d+e x^2}}\right ) \, dx}{c^2}+\frac {(c d-2 b e) \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {d+e x^2}} \, dx}{2 c^2}\\ &=\frac {x \sqrt {d+e x^2}}{2 c}+\frac {(c d-2 b e) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{1-e x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {x}{\sqrt {d+e x^2}}\right )}{2 c^2}-\frac {\left (b c d-b^2 e+a c e-\frac {b^2 c d-2 a c^2 d-b^3 e+3 a b c e}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \int \frac {1}{\left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+2 c x^2\right ) \sqrt {d+e x^2}} \, dx}{c^2}-\frac {\left (b c d-b^2 e+a c e+\frac {b^2 c d-2 a c^2 d-b^3 e+3 a b c e}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \int \frac {1}{\left (b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+2 c x^2\right ) \sqrt {d+e x^2}} \, dx}{c^2}\\ &=\frac {x \sqrt {d+e x^2}}{2 c}+\frac {(c d-2 b e) \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {e} x}{\sqrt {d+e x^2}}\right )}{2 c^2 \sqrt {e}}-\frac {\left (b c d-b^2 e+a c e-\frac {b^2 c d-2 a c^2 d-b^3 e+3 a b c e}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}-\left (-2 c d+\left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right ) e\right ) x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {x}{\sqrt {d+e x^2}}\right )}{c^2}-\frac {\left (b c d-b^2 e+a c e+\frac {b^2 c d-2 a c^2 d-b^3 e+3 a b c e}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}-\left (-2 c d+\left (b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right ) e\right ) x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {x}{\sqrt {d+e x^2}}\right )}{c^2}\\ &=\frac {x \sqrt {d+e x^2}}{2 c}-\frac {\left (b c d-b^2 e+a c e-\frac {b^2 c d-2 a c^2 d-b^3 e+3 a b c e}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {2 c d-\left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right ) e} x}{\sqrt {b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}} \sqrt {d+e x^2}}\right )}{c^2 \sqrt {b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}} \sqrt {2 c d-\left (b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right ) e}}-\frac {\left (b c d-b^2 e+a c e+\frac {b^2 c d-2 a c^2 d-b^3 e+3 a b c e}{\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right ) \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {2 c d-\left (b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right ) e} x}{\sqrt {b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}} \sqrt {d+e x^2}}\right )}{c^2 \sqrt {b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}} \sqrt {2 c d-\left (b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right ) e}}+\frac {(c d-2 b e) \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {e} x}{\sqrt {d+e x^2}}\right )}{2 c^2 \sqrt {e}}\\ \end {align*}
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Mathematica [B] Leaf count is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. \(10915\) vs. \(2(390)=780\).
time = 16.33, size = 10915, normalized size = 27.99 \begin {gather*} \text {Result too large to show} \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Maple [C] Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 9 vs. order
3.
time = 0.16, size = 294, normalized size = 0.75
method | result | size |
risch | \(\frac {x \sqrt {e \,x^{2}+d}}{2 c}-\frac {\ln \left (\sqrt {e}\, x +\sqrt {e \,x^{2}+d}\right ) \sqrt {e}\, b}{c^{2}}+\frac {\ln \left (\sqrt {e}\, x +\sqrt {e \,x^{2}+d}\right ) d}{2 c \sqrt {e}}+\frac {\sqrt {e}\, \left (\munderset {\textit {\_R} =\RootOf \left (c \,\textit {\_Z}^{4}+\left (4 e b -4 c d \right ) \textit {\_Z}^{3}+\left (16 a \,e^{2}-8 d e b +6 c \,d^{2}\right ) \textit {\_Z}^{2}+\left (4 d^{2} e b -4 c \,d^{3}\right ) \textit {\_Z} +d^{4} c \right )}{\sum }\frac {\left (\left (a c e -b^{2} e +b c d \right ) \textit {\_R}^{2}+2 \left (-2 a b \,e^{2}+a c d e +b^{2} d e -b c \,d^{2}\right ) \textit {\_R} +a \,d^{2} e c -b^{2} d^{2} e +b c \,d^{3}\right ) \ln \left (\left (\sqrt {e \,x^{2}+d}-\sqrt {e}\, x \right )^{2}-\textit {\_R} \right )}{c \,\textit {\_R}^{3}+3 \textit {\_R}^{2} b e -3 \textit {\_R}^{2} c d +8 \textit {\_R} a \,e^{2}-4 \textit {\_R} b d e +3 c \,d^{2} \textit {\_R} +d^{2} e b -c \,d^{3}}\right )}{2 c^{2}}\) | \(290\) |
default | \(\frac {\frac {x \sqrt {e \,x^{2}+d}}{2}+\frac {d \ln \left (\sqrt {e}\, x +\sqrt {e \,x^{2}+d}\right )}{2 \sqrt {e}}}{c}+\frac {\sqrt {e}\, \left (\frac {b \ln \left (\sqrt {e \,x^{2}+d}-\sqrt {e}\, x \right )}{c}-\frac {\munderset {\textit {\_R} =\RootOf \left (c \,\textit {\_Z}^{4}+\left (4 e b -4 c d \right ) \textit {\_Z}^{3}+\left (16 a \,e^{2}-8 d e b +6 c \,d^{2}\right ) \textit {\_Z}^{2}+\left (4 d^{2} e b -4 c \,d^{3}\right ) \textit {\_Z} +d^{4} c \right )}{\sum }\frac {\left (\left (-a c e +b^{2} e -b c d \right ) \textit {\_R}^{2}+2 \left (2 a b \,e^{2}-a c d e -b^{2} d e +b c \,d^{2}\right ) \textit {\_R} -a \,d^{2} e c +b^{2} d^{2} e -b c \,d^{3}\right ) \ln \left (\left (\sqrt {e \,x^{2}+d}-\sqrt {e}\, x \right )^{2}-\textit {\_R} \right )}{c \,\textit {\_R}^{3}+3 \textit {\_R}^{2} b e -3 \textit {\_R}^{2} c d +8 \textit {\_R} a \,e^{2}-4 \textit {\_R} b d e +3 c \,d^{2} \textit {\_R} +d^{2} e b -c \,d^{3}}}{2 c}\right )}{c}\) | \(294\) |
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Maxima [F]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \text {Failed to integrate} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Fricas [B] Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. 3310 vs.
\(2 (353) = 706\).
time = 15.60, size = 3310, normalized size = 8.49 \begin {gather*} \text {Too large to display} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Sympy [F]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \int \frac {x^{4} \sqrt {d + e x^{2}}}{a + b x^{2} + c x^{4}}\, dx \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Giac [A]
time = 5.44, size = 53, normalized size = 0.14 \begin {gather*} -\frac {{\left (c d - 2 \, b e\right )} e^{\left (-\frac {1}{2}\right )} \log \left ({\left (x e^{\frac {1}{2}} - \sqrt {x^{2} e + d}\right )}^{2}\right )}{4 \, c^{2}} + \frac {\sqrt {x^{2} e + d} x}{2 \, c} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Mupad [F]
time = 0.00, size = -1, normalized size = -0.00 \begin {gather*} \int \frac {x^4\,\sqrt {e\,x^2+d}}{c\,x^4+b\,x^2+a} \,d x \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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